Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of rutin in management of TiO2NPs-induced renal injury in mice.
 Methods: Forty male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Group (I) served as a control group, group (II) received 100 mg/kg body weight (b. wt) of rutin (orally), group (III) received 70 mg/kg b. wt of TiO2NPs,injected intraperitoneally (i. p.), Group (IV) received 70 mg/kg b. wt of TiO2NPs plus 100 mg/kg b. wt of rutin; for 14 successive days. The renal toxicity was determined through evaluating the renal function biomarkers (serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathion (GSH), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α, B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 and caspase-3 in renal tissues.
 Results: Administration of TiO2NPs plus rutin prevented the deleterious effect of TiO2NPs on mice kidneys through improving the renal functions, and alleviating the increase in MDA, NF-kB, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, as well as the decrease in GSH andBCL-2 levels, in renal tissues.
 Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggested that rutin plays a role in alleviating TiO2NPs-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and exerts renal protective effects.
Highlights
According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative of America, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are considered one of the maximum noticeably synthetic global nanomaterial’s [1, 2]
The results showed that the group treated with rutin alone did not significantly change at all biochemical parameters as compared with the control group
The co-administrated of TiO2NPs with rutin induced a significant decrease (P
Summary
According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative of America, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are considered one of the maximum noticeably synthetic global nanomaterial’s [1, 2]. TiO2 is taken into consideration to be a safe material, worries had been raised its potential adverse health effects in humans and animals [3]. When inhaled nanoparticles are efficiently deposited into lung cell, translocation via epithelial and endothelial cells among the blood and lymph circulation may be reached sensitive target sites such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, heart, liver, and kidneys [5]. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2NPs caused many toxic effects in the lungs [6], liver [7] spleen [8], brain [9, 10], reproductive system [11] and heart [12] of mice
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