Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic since the first report in Wuhan. COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease and the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be bats. However, the intermediate host explaining the transmission and evolvement is still unclear. In addition to the wildlife which has access to contact with bats in the natural ecological environment and then infects humans in wildlife market, domestic animals are also able to establish themselves as the intermediate host after infected by SARS-CoV-2. Although recent studies related to SARS-CoV-2 have made a lot of progress, many critical issues are still unaddressed. Here, we reviewed findings regarding the investigations of the intermediate host, which may inspire future investigators and provide them with plenty of information. The results demonstrate the critical role of the intermediate host in the transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2, and the efficient intervention on this basis may be useful to prevent further deterioration of COVID-19.
Highlights
The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is attributed to the transmission of a pathogen named SARS-CoV-2
Molecular evolution and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hosts angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein The phylogenetic tree based on Hausdorff distance and Center distance between SARS-CoV-2 strains and host-nCoV groups Phylogenetic, split network, transmission network, and comparative analyses of the genomes Virus infectivity studies using HEK293T cells expressing ACE2 from 11 species of animals Pseudotyping particles of Spike mimics particle entry and quantitative cell-cell fusion assay Compare the infectivity patterns by deep learning algorithm of virus host prediction (VHP) Genetic and epidemiological sleuthing
Zhai et al (2020) observed the X-ray structures of human ACE2 (hACE2) bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2 and tried to define the crucial residues for binding by comparing the interaction sites of ACE2 proteins of various species
Summary
The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is attributed to the transmission of a pathogen named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Key Residues Analysis on the Interface of Interaction Between RBD and ACE2 Receptor Bat-nCoV RaTG13 share 96.2% similarity with SARSCoV-2, the identity of RBD to SARS-CoV-2 is inferior to pangolin-nCoV.
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