Abstract
Aquaculture is the most rapidly growing segment of global animal production that now surpasses wild-capture fisheries production and is continuing to grow 10% annually. Sustainable aquaculture needs to diminish, and progressively eliminate, its dependence on fishmeal-sourced feed from over-harvested fisheries. Sustainable aquafeed sources will need to be primarily of plant-origin. Soybean is currently the primary global vegetable-origin protein source for aquaculture. Direct exchange of soybean meal for fishmeal in aquafeed has resulted in reduced growth rates due in part to soybean’s anti-nutritional proteins. To produce soybeans for use in aquaculture feeds a new conventional line has been bred termed Triple Null by stacking null alleles for the feed-relevant proteins Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, lectin, and P34 allergen. Triple Null is now being further enhanced as a platform to build additional transgene traits for vaccines, altered protein composition, and to produce high levels of β-carotene an intrinsic orange-colored aquafeed marker to distinguish the seeds from commodity beans and as the metabolic feedstock precursor of highly valued astaxanthin.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Crop Science and Horticulture, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science
Triple Null is being further enhanced as a platform to build additional transgene traits for vaccines, altered protein composition, and to produce high levels of β-carotene an intrinsic orangecolored aquafeed marker to distinguish the seeds from commodity beans and as the metabolic feedstock precursor of highly valued astaxanthin
This population growth will require an increase of 70% more animal production that translates to a need for 235% more animal feed
Summary
To enable further enhancement of Triple Null its capacity for biolistic transformation was assessed. This indicates that the traits of Triple Null can be used as a platform to stack additional transgene traits and can be exchanged for other standard transformation soybean lines. Soybeans null for bioactive seed proteins that have been isolated from the USDA soybean collection include Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) null (Orf and Hymowitz, 1979; Hymowitz, 1986), soybean agglutinin (SBA) null (Orf et al, 1978; Goldberg et al, 1983) and immunodominant soybean allergen P34 protein nulls (Josephs et al, 2006) Each of these nulls has the potential to partially address concerns of soybean feed/food consumption and stacked together these traits can form a platform for engineering enhanced soybean varieties. These traits could reproduce lipid-soluble carotenoids and omega fatty acids that would otherwise be obtained from fish oil with the same sustainability issues as fishmeal or from chemical synthesis and/or modification
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