The potency of Actinomycetes InaCC A758 against dual-species biofilms: Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus can coexist to form a biofilm, leading to infections associated with biofilms. Actinomycetes produce secondary metabolites known as antibiotics, antifungals, antibiofilm, anticancer, and antimalarials. This study was aimed to explore the antibiofilm activity of secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes InaCC A758 extracts (InaCC A758) against dual-species biofilms, i.e., C. albicans and S. aureus. Ethyl acetate and chloroform were used as solvents in a maceration extraction technique to isolate the compound designated InaCC A758. The fractionation of the InaCC A758 extracts was carried out using semi-preparative HPLC. Identification of the compounds from the InaCC A758 extracts was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm testing of the InaCC A758 extracts was done utilizing the micro broth dilution method. The morphology of the biofilms following treatment with the InaCC A758 extracts was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum inhibitory concentration of InaCC A758 against dual-species biofilms was 400 μg/ml. The concentrations of InaCC A758 required to inhibit 50% and 80% of dual-species biofilm formation (BIC50 and BIC80) ranged from 3.57–6.66 and 29.25–30.50 μg/ml, respectively. The concentrations needed to reduce formed dual-species biofilms by 50% and 80% (BRC50 and BRC80) ranged from 100.62–131.85 and 596.4–849.6 μg/ml, respectively. SEM observation showed a reduced number of cells and disruption of the cell membranes when exposed to the InaCC A758 extracts. The InaCC A758 contains seven compounds, i.e., dodecanoic acid 3-hydroxy-; 1,3,5-pentanetriol,3-methyl-; 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, 2-ethyl-; 2-cyclopropylcarbonyloxytridecane; 2-hepten-1- ol,(E); methyl 6-methyl heptanoate; and 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. The InaCC A758 extract altered cell morphology and exhibited potential as an anti-biofilm agent, particularly against dual-species biofilms.