The potency determination of human varicella-zoster immunoglobulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement-fixation test and indirect fluorescent antibody tests

Abstract

Traditionally, plasma for the production of the human varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) has been selected on the basis of the complement-fixing antibody (CFA) titre. Since immune individuals may lack CFA to varicella-zoster virus (VZV), non-CFA may be of importance in protection. In a search for a simple and reliable method for potency determination, 24 VZIG preparations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the complement-fixation test (CFT), the indirect fluorescent antibody test to acetone-fixed (IF) and viable (FAMA) VZV-infected cells, respectively. The antibody titres obtained by the various methods were compared. Arranged in order of decreasing agreement, the correlation coefficients ( r) of the regression equations between the variables were 0·62 for CFT and FAMA, 0·50 for CFT and ELISA and 0·26 for CFT and IF in a log 2 plot. There was complete agreement between the titres obtained by the commercially available Enzygnost ® Varicella/Zoster kits (Behring Institute, Marburg, F. R. Germany) and the ELISA microtitre plates produced at our institute ( r = 1). The regression equation lines for ELISA/CFT and FAMA/CFT titres tended to be parallel to each other, while the line for IF/CFT titres had a less steep slope. Similar titration curves were obtained for VZIGs fractionated by two different methods. Furthermore, the titration curves of serum pools from varicella and zoster convalescents, respectively, had a similar shape below ΔOD = 0·4. Generally, a steeper slope was observed above ΔOD = 0·4. As antibody detectable by ELISA seems to correlate with protection and the method is sensitive, specific, reproduceable, simple to carry out and easily automated, it may be suitable for the potency determination of VZIGs.