The Possible Therapeutic Role of MSC Derived Exosomes Extracted from Myocardial Infarction versus Healthy Rat Models in the Heart with Surgically Occluded Right Anterior Coronary Artery in Rats A Histological Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary arteries of the heart, causing damage to the heart Muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic Shock or cardiac arrest. Aim: this study is designed to compare between the therapeutic role of autologous exosomes versus homologous exosomes on surgically induced myocardial infarction model in adult male albino rats. Material and Methods Fifty adult male albino rats weighing 150–250 gm were included with age from 8 to 11 old months in the study. In addition, ten rats weighing 150 gm with age from 7 to 8 old weeks were used for adipose derived exosomes preparation. The rats were divided into the following three groups: Group I: control group, Group II: myocardial infarction group; rats were subjected to right (RACO Technique), Group III: rats were subjected to permanent RACO technique as in group II then rats were further subdivided into two subgroups; Subgroup IIIa received autologous exosomes in tail vein on the 2nd day of the experiment and Subgroup IIIb received homologous exosomes in tail vein on the 2nd day of the experiment. Results Group II showed disruption of cardiomyoctes which appeared deeply acidophilic and darkly stained nuclei with loss of the intercalated discs and muscle striations. Immunohistochemical stain revealed a significantly increased reaction to iNOS antibodies, caspase-3 antibodies, anti -PCNA and positive anti-VEGF in comparison to control group. Group III; including subgroups IIIa and IIIb; showed preservation of the myocardium integrity. However, subgroup IIIa revealed significant increase in anti-VEGF and decrease in iNOS antibodies as compared to subgroup IIIb. Conclusion Both exosomes from healthy rats and exosomes from rats with MI showed therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects in surgically induced MI. These effects were more prominent in exosomes from rats with MI than healthy rats as detected by microscopic, morphometric, and statistical studies.