The Possible Role of the Incretin Enhancer Sitaglipten, in Renal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) especially type 2 is a major health problem and diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is common in diabetic patients. Recent studies reported increased vulnerability of kidneys to I/R injury in diabetic rats. In view of the reported efficacy of incretin enhancer on I/R injury. Aim: This study was designed to assess the effect of sitaglipten on renal I/R in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Methods: Type 2 DM in rats were induced by administration of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min prior to the single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Renal I/R were performed in both diabetic and normal rats. Results: The lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, and nitric oxide levels were significantly increased after I/R in diabetic rats compared to I/R in normal rats. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced after I/R in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Sitaglipten treatment significantly normalized these biochemical parameters compared to diabetic I/R rats. Serum TNF-α level and myeloperoxidase activity were also significantly normalized after administration of sitaglipten. Furthermore, treatment with sitaglipten (10 mcg/kg) had preserved the normal morphology of the kidney compared to I/R performed in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Sitaglipten protects exaggerated renal I/R injury in type 2 DM. These findings have major implication in the treatment of ischemic injury that is prone to develop in DM.