Abstract
Metamorphosis in the insect larva is associated with disintegration, engulf and digestion of larval tissues. These processes are accompanied by a significant shift in physiological parameters like high activity of hydrolytic enzymes and decrease of pH. In the way, the metamorphosing larva resembles the processes occurring in the wound at the stage of inflammation. Based on this thesis, we put forward the idea of the possibility of using insect phagocytes in the wound treatment. The search for a suitable insect cell line and the study of its properties were the purpose of the work. The abilities of insect phagocytes to retain viability and functional activity under conditions physiological for humans were also investigated. We found that blue blowfly Calliphora vicina larvae had histolysocytes, a specialized population of professional phagocytes involved in the histolysis. In vitro, histolysocytes possess high phagocytic activity to fragments of vertebrate soft tissues and debris. These cells retain viability and functional activity for a long time under conditions that are physiological for vertebrate cells. Moreover histolysocytes can realize the humoral control over the bacteria through the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. So histolysocytes have the potential to be used as xenogeneic phagocytes in the wound treatment. The data obtained allow proceeding to experiments on laboratory animals for studying the effect of such therapy on the wound healing process.
Highlights
The morphological diversity of cells was observed in temporary mounts of hemolymph of post-diapause C. vicina larvae
When stained with azure and eosin (Fig 1C), the cytoplasm of small hemocytes exhibited stronger basophilic staining, which could be explained by the presence of a large amount of RNA in the cytoplasm and was indicative of the weak differentiation of these cells
These hemocytes clearly represented mature forms, and the abovementioned series reflects the consecutive stages of differentiation of the same cell line
Summary
Research on metazoan responses to injury was initiated as early as the end of the 19th century when Ilya Mechnikov performed his famous experiment with a starfish larva and a thorn from a tangerine tree [1]. Further studies have shown that the reaction to tissue damage in different animals, starting from primitive forms, had a stereotypical pattern and manifested itself in the migration of mobile cellular elements into the alteration zone with the subsequent isolation of the latter. This process is the initial and decisive stage for the onset of an inflammation response [2]. Phagocyte migration is preceded by the reaction of the capillary section of a well-developed vascular system
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