Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of two fungal strains of Hypholoma fasciculare (L1 and L3) for effective decolorization of anthraquinone dye RBBR (remazol Brilliant Blue R). The main part of the work was concentrated on assessment of the influence of immobilization of biomass on the efficiency of RBBR removal. Zoo- and phytotoxicity of after process solutions were evaluated. Differences in the dye removal effectiveness between strains were observed. Decoloration of dye was more efficient in samples with mycelium immobilized on a polypropylene foam, what probably was associated with increased enzyme activity of the strains, as well as enhancement of the contact of the dye with the mycelium. Strain L3 respectively removed 100% (mycelium immobilized) of the dye after 24h and 95.8% (mycelium suspended) of the dye after 96h. For complete removal of the dye the immobilized biomass of strain L3 needs 24 hours of incubation, and L1 48h. Strain L1 completely removed the color after 96 h of the experiment, regardless of whether the biomass has been immobilized or not. RBBR dye was not toxic to Daphnia magna. The zootoxicity test indicated that usage of both strains of Hypholoma fasciculare in the discoloration of the dye RBBR is safe for the environment, since even at the highest concentrations of after processes solutions were not observed immobilization effect of Daphnia magna. In the case of phytotoxicity it has been reduced from class III to I.
Highlights
The industrial production involves generation of a number of hardly biodegradable substances with the aromatic structure
3.1 Determination of decolorization potential of Hypholoma fasciculare One of the most important test to identify the possible use of fungi strains in the process of decolorization is plate assay in which substrate dye is added to solid
The results indicate that a lower concentration of nutrients in the medium MSB can stimulate the production of enzymes required for damage to the structure of the dye, ANOVA statistical analysis showed e that both the composition of medium and the type of strain has no significant effect on the efficiency of the process of decolorization of remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) on solid medium
Summary
The industrial production involves generation of a number of hardly biodegradable substances with the aromatic structure (such as PAH, pesticides, dyes). Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of sewage included dyes and their transformation products has an impact on the reduction of biodiversity of surface water [13,14,15] For removal of this type of pollution some of species of fungi, whose ability to degrade the compounds with aromatic structure is well documented, may be used. This group of organisms, as one of the few, is able to break down the complex natural polymer as lignin [1,2,3,4,5]. The impact of biomass immobilization on the effectiveness of the process was evaluated, as well as the toxic impact of dye and their biotransformation products on aquatic organisms which were represented by one consumer (Daphnia magna) and producer (Lemna minor)
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