Abstract
Sorption of oil-related products (including mainly the propellants) is the very basic process that counteracts spreading these types of pollution into environment. Plenty of synthetic substances (including the monoaromatic hydrocarbons) are both from the surface and underground waters. The aim of this study was to present the research’s results on the possibilities of using the broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.) seeds as a sorbent of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from an aqueous solution. In order to increase sorptive capacity, the seeds biomass was submitted for the process of mercerizing in diversified time and temperature in water and the NaOH solution. The removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene and cumene was carried out by means of the “batch method”. All the conducted experiments have shown a high sorption level of the analysed pollutions from an aqueous solution. The best sorptive qualities appeared in the seeds drenched in 80 °C water for 4 h (W) 97 g/kg, what was 9.06% more absorbed hydrocarbons in comparison to the control sample (C) and 26.8% more than the smallest seeds drenched in NaOH for 240 min. in the temperature of 80 °C (N). The process of the seeds mercerizing that was conducted with the use of hot water appeared to be most effective, but seeds without mercerisation (C) is actually the material which absorbs the least amounts of energy for preparation and had quite good sorption capacity too.
Highlights
To limit the negative effects of gas oil, mazut or petrol spills, great caution has to be taken when dealing with vats that are used for transporting these substances
The examined sorbents—the broadleaf cattail seeds, and all of them reached from a homogenous material—appeared to be different from each other in terms of apparent density and maximal sorptivity
The low density of the broadleaf cattail seeds examined here may lead to certain problems when using them for sorption purposes as their capability to be lifted up causes loss of the material when used under the influence of wind (Półka et al 2015)
Summary
To limit the negative effects of gas oil, mazut or petrol spills, great caution has to be taken when dealing with vats that are used for transporting these substances. As a result of various disasters, both terrestrial and marine, such as accidental overflows at the petrol transshipment stations or damage to transmission lines, the aforementioned spills lead to numerous serious threats which result in the degradation of waters and soils used for agricultural purposes. In such circumstances, sorbents of oil-related pollution are employed for a very wide range of uses (Chen et al 2008; Möller et al 2009; Oyanedel-Crever et al 2007; Półka et al 2015; Rosik-Dulewska et al 2012; Włodarczyk-Makuła 2017; Yu et al 2016). A sorbent that has already been used has to be incapacitated (Ciesielczuk 2017; Kuśmierek et al 2017; KyziołKomosińska et al 2011)
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