The positional characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a single institute retrospective study in Japan.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) due to upper airway obstruction. The severity of OSA changes with position during sleep. Patients with marked significant improvement in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) level by sleep position change are defined as ''positional patients'' (PP), while those without improvement are defined as ''non-positional patients'' (NPP). We aimed to verify their clinical characteristics. Between May 2008 and May 2020, 237 patients with OSA were registered retrospectively and classified into two groups: PP (n = 158) and NPP (n = 79). The differences in clinical background and full-night polysomnography (PSG) between the two groups were observed. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for severe AHI (≥ 30 events/h) in the PP group. Moreover, confounding factor-adjusted sub-analysis by a propensity score matching method was performed, and the PSG results were compared between the two groups. The PP group was older than the NPP group. Furthermore, the PP group had lower body mass index (BMI) and AHI levels compared with the NPP group. The independent risk factors for severe AHI in the PP group were BMI and being in the supine position during sleep. The PP group had a significantly milder nocturnal hypoxemia despite having no significant difference in AHI levels between the two groups. The characteristics of PP were old age, low BMI, and low AHI associated with milder nocturnal hypoxemia. Moreover, they were less likely to worsen with nocturnal hypoxemia compared with NPP having similar severity.