Abstract
The research deals with the problems of poverty with the aim of revealing the situation of rural people experiencing various shortages throughout their daily needs. This poem is also a personal picture of the poet seeing by firsthand the situation of the marginalized people. Through critical discourse analysis by means of Van Dijk model consisting of three dimensions, namely text, social cognition and social context, the picture of the poor in the poem can be seen clearly. The data used are lines of Stanza No. 13 as a representation of the whole poem. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the research indicate that knowledge or education is not limited to one group, but for all; but in practice the poor do not always get the opportunity to obtain proper education. The voice of the poor is not heard; therefore, they are bound by circumstances and cannot do much. In connection with critical discourse analysis, at the level of text, the general theme is the death and fate of the people on the periphery of the society. In the data related, the theme is the absence of opportunities for the poor to get education; the storyline starts from the causes and consequences of poverty and in the microstructure level there are syntactic and lexicon elements. The level of social cognition describes the close relationship between the poet and the elegy and of social conditions pictures the historical background of the text production.
Highlights
Poetry, a genre in literature, cannot be separated from human life; this is in line with the literary concept stating that literature transcends national boundaries, time constraints, gender differences and even historical basis
The principles of Critical Discourse Analysis: CDA addresses social problems; Power relations are discursive; Discourse constitutes society and culture, and is constituted by them; Discourse does ideological work: representing and constructing society by reproducing unequal relations of power; Discourse is historical and is connected to previous, contemporary and subsequent discourses; Relations between text and society are mediated, and a socio-cognitive approach is needed to understand these links; Discourse analysis is interpretive and explanatory and implies a systematic methodology and an investigation of context; Discourse is a form of social action
The research is done by means of descriptive qualitative research proposed by Cresswell (2014) aiming at interpreting social phenomena with sincere report or account having orderly procedures of research design, source of data, data collection procedure and data analysis procedure, all of which form a unity of to ease and support the whole research of the portrait of the poor in Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by means of Critical Discourse Analysis, so that the real condition of the poor could be well pictured either through intrinsic or extrinsic approach
Summary
A genre in literature, cannot be separated from human life; this is in line with the literary concept stating that literature transcends national boundaries, time constraints, gender differences and even historical basis. Poetry is produced based on the poet's inspiration through observation and reflection on environmental conditions This means that the relationship of a poet with the natural environment, the social and cultural environment around him cannot be separated. The poem is an elegy, a sad poem, embodying a meditation on the lots of the poor, providing a real picture of the sad state of rural communities with various shortcomings to meet the needs of life and they are marginalized and forgotten only because of their financial helplessness. They have to struggle without knowing what they stand for and life becomes bleak
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