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Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of polymorphisms in Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTA-1 and 2), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes and the Thioesterase domain of FASN (TE-FASN) gene that may be related to the lipid profile. In the experiment, a total of 84 sheep from different genetic groups were used. For the evaluation of the polymorphism of the genes, PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique and subsequent sequencing were used. In DGAT-2 gene, four genotypes were identified with the presence of 6 polymorphisms, with two (c.229T> C; c.255T> C) that resulted into the exchange of phenylalanine by leucine. In FASN gene, two genotypes were identified. In TE-FASN gene, three genotypes and 17 polymorphisms were identified. DGAT-1 and SCD genes did not reveal the occurrence of polymorphism. There was difference in relation to C14: 0, C18: 0 fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase C18 for DGAT-2 gene and of C18: 2ω6t for TE-FASN. There were differences among the genetic groups for C10: 0, C12: 0, C17: 0, C18: 2ω6t, C18: 3ω3, C20: 2, total of ω3, ω3/ω6 and atherogenicity index. There is occurrence of polymorphism of DGAT-2 and TE-FASN genes and these should be further studied in sheep since they revealed influence of the genotypes on the fatty acid profile.
Highlights
At present, much attention has been paid to the composition of fatty acids in meats, due to their influence on quality, since intramuscular fat is responsible for the tenderness and juiciness of cooked meat (Wood et al, 2003) and human health
In the sheep of this study, the occurrence of the band changes in the exon 6 region of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme (SCD) gene which proved monomorphic by the PCR-Single Strain Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique was not verified
Considering the results presented, possible polymorphisms in the exon 8 of those genes, only will be able to be detected with the application of other analytical techniques and/or in other groups of sheep of different genotypes or submitted to different treatments
Summary
Much attention has been paid to the composition of fatty acids in meats, due to their influence on quality, since intramuscular fat is responsible for the tenderness and juiciness of cooked meat (Wood et al, 2003) and human health. The process of AG synthesis in meat involves some enzymes, such as Fatty Acid Synthase FASN (Chu et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2008), Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase - DGAT (Bouwman et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2014) and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase - SCD (HenriquezRodriguez et al, 2015; Barton et al, 2010). 5 SNPs were observed in FASN gene, identified along different breeding studies and one of them was associated with lipid composition, and can be used as a marker in breeding programs (Bhuiyan et al, 2009). The present study intended to analyze the occurrence of SNPs of DGAT-1 and 2, FASN, SCD genes and Thioesterase domain of FASN gene in different genetic groups of sheep and check its association with lipid composition
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