Abstract
The primary function of the outermost, lipophilic layer of plant aerial surfaces, called the cuticle, is preventing non-stomatal water loss. Its exterior surface is often decorated with wax crystals, imparting a blue–grey color. Identification of the barley Cer-c, -q and -u genes forming the 101 kb Cer-cqu gene cluster encoding a novel polyketide synthase—the β-diketone synthase (DKS), a lipase/carboxyl transferase, and a P450 hydroxylase, respectively, establishes a new, major pathway for the synthesis of plant waxes. The major product is a β-diketone (14,16-hentriacontane) aliphatic that forms long, thin crystalline tubes. A pathway branch leads to the formation of esterified alkan-2-ols.
Highlights
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are closely related to fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme complexes, but differ in failing to carry out one or more of the three reactions removing the 3-oxo (β-keto) group after each extension
The intervening sequences on the are filled with transposable elements, and BAC are filled with transposable elements, and the genes are highly expressed in flag leaf sheaths of the type, as expectedin[26]
These results demonstrated that one or more of the 4 Cer-c and 3 Cer-q wheat orthologs clustered in or more of the 4 Cer-u identified wheat orthologs is correct will require a similar silencing this region are involved in synthesis of the β-diketone carbon skeleton
Summary
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are closely related to fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme complexes, but differ in failing to carry out one or more of the three reactions removing the 3-oxo (β-keto) group after each extension. Those from plant waxes have primarily 29, 31 and 33 carbon skeletons, with the positions of the oxo groups varying from 6,8 to 16,18. All all barley waxes contain ubiquitous aliphatics derived from the KCS elongation system. Such barley waxes contain ubiquitous aliphatics derived from the KCS elongation system Such aliphatics are found on on allall barley arecovered coveredbyby small lobed plates attributable to aliphatics are found barleyleaf leafblades blades which which are small lobed plates attributable to dominating amounts of primary alcohols resulting in a dull green glaucosity.
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