Abstract
Summary Syndromes associated with elevations in blood hematocrit have been discussed in relation to the known physiology of red cell production. The stimulation of renal erythropoietic factors by tissue hypoxia has been stressed and “appropriate” erythrocytoses secondary to tissue hypoxia have been compared to “inappropriate” red cell elevations not associated with tissue hypoxia. In the latter category, polycythemia vera—the only true polycythemia—has been emphasized and its clinical manifestations and treatment discussed.
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