Abstract
A field study was conducted at Southern Illinois University Dairy Center, Carbondale, Illinois, to evaluate the pollution potential of rainfall runoff, perched groundwater pollution and design criteria. Dairy liquid waste was applied daily, but alternated weekly to sites of reed canarygrass ( Phalaris arundinacea L.) and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) Schreb.) on Hosmer silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudalf) soil with a 3% east-facing slope. The highest loading rate for saturated soil conditions was 0·54 cm day −1 (5·4 liters m −2 day −1). The pollutants of the liquid dairy waste were reduced significantly, but not to acceptable levels, by flowing over the vegetative-soil filter to a distance of 30 m. The soil was a good purifier for the liquid effluent. During rainfall events, the average BOD 5 and PO 4-P were reduced 96·3 and 97·1%, respectively after flowing 25 m beyond the filter area. However, these water quality parameters still exceeded the standard criteria. In a practical design situation, increasing the distance from the vegetative-soil filter would result in improved runoff water quality by dilution. A vegetative-soil filter can be an inexpensive and effective means for the disposal of liquid dairy waste.
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