Abstract
In the twentieth century, all nationally based experiments in the transition to socialism have taken place in the context of inherited structures of underdevelopment. The pattern of domestic production and international exchange, the manner in which labor is organized and exploited, the sociogeography of cities and countryside, the class structure itself, and much more reflect in very direct and dramatic ways these inherited structures. And if the history of revolutionary movements in this century teaches any consistent lesson, it is that these old structures do not quickly or easily yield to new ones.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
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