Abstract
India responded to the COVID-19 measures abruptly and in a tough manner during the early stages of the pandemic. Its response did not take into consideration the socio-economic life of the majority of people in India who work in the informal sector and the sheer diversity of the country. The imposition of a nationwide lockdown using the Disaster Management Act 2005 enabled the Union Government to impose its will on the whole country. India has a federal system, and health is a state subject. Such an overbearing role on the part of the Central Government did not, however, lead to coordinated action. Some states expressed their differences, but eventually all complied with the central guidelines. The COVID-19 pandemic struck at a time when an agitation was going on in the country, especially in New Delhi, against the Citizen Amendment Act. The lockdown was imposed all of a sudden and was extended until 31 May. This led to a humanitarian crisis involving a large number of domestic migrant workers, who were left stranded with no income for survival and no means of transport to go home. Indians abroad who were intending to return also found themselves trapped. Dissenting voices were silenced through arrests and detentions during this period, and the victims included rights activists, students, lawyers, and even some academics. Power tussles and elections continued as usual and the social distancing norms were often compromised. Since COVID-19 containment measures were carried out primarily at the state level, this paper will also selectively draw on their experiences. India also used the opportunity to burnish its credentials as the ‘pharmacy of the world’ by sending medical supplies to over a hundred countries. In the second wave, there were many deaths, but the government was accused of undercounting them and of not doing enough to deliver vaccines to Indians. This paper will deal with the conflicts, contestations and the foreign policy fallout following the onset of the pandemic and the measures adopted by the union government to cope with them, with less focus on the economic and epidemiological aspects of pandemic management. This paper looks at previous studies, press reports, and press releases by government agencies to collect the needed data. A descriptive and analytical approach is followed in the paper.
Highlights
This paper discusses the politics centred on the COVID-19 pandemic in India
The Tablighi Jamaat’s international conference held in New Delhi’s Nizamuddin was declared the first ‘super-spreader’ in India. This event attended by Muslims from all over India and from abroad came under the fire of the ruling party, who used it as a ploy to attack the Muslims
India brought back Indians from Wuhan and the crew and passengers of a cruise ship off Japan that was affected by COVID-19 in February 2020
Summary
This paper is divided into two main sections It focuses first on aspects of domestic politics that emerged or that were transformed following the pandemic during the first and second waves in the country. The themes dealt with include inter-state tussles, problems of the migrants and the poor, racism and religious polarization, union–state relations during the pandemic, partisan politics, and human rights issues, and the exceptional case of the state of Kerala. It briefly covers the period of the second wave and the vaccine policy. The paper is descriptive and analytical and is primarily based on available secondary literature and official statements
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