THE POLITICS AND REALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN INDIA: RESERVATIONS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRAXIS

Abstract

This paper examines the dynamics of environmental justice in India, focusing on the disparities between theoretical ideals and practical implementation. The main objective is to critically analyse the intersection of environmental protection, social equity, and human rights in the Indian context and to identify the challenges and opportunities in achieving environmental justice. The paper highlights the persistent environmental injustices in India, despite the presence of robust legal frameworks. It explores the complex interplay between environmental governance, socio-economic factors, and institutional mechanisms, shedding light on the root causes of environmental disparities. The findings indicate that while India has made strides in environmental legislation and policy formulation, there are significant gaps in their execution and enforcement. Bureaucratic inertia, regulatory capture, and inadequate access to justice pose formidable barriers to achieving environmental justice. Moreover, the paper underscores the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation on vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing socio-economic inequalities.The study suggests that addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach, including policy reforms, community empowerment initiatives, and enhanced institutional capacity building. It emphasizes the importance of democratizing environmental governance and amplifying the voices of marginalized communities in decision-making processes. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities and realities of environmental justice in India, offering insights into the gaps between theory and practice. It calls for concerted efforts to bridge these gaps and advance towards a more just and sustainable future for all.