The Politicisation of Islam in Malaysia and Its Opponents

Alexander Wain

doi:10.52282/icr.v12i1.829

Abstract

This article profiles four prominent detractors of Islam’s politicisation in contemporary Malaysia. While much ink has been spilt profiling the promulgators of politicised Islam, whether in Malaysia or elsewhere, comparatively little has been written about those who oppose it. This article is a modest attempt to rectify that deficiency. It begins, however, with a brief history of that politicisation process as it has occurred in Malaysia, with particular reference to Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) and Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM). This brief overview traces Malaysia’s unique form of politicised Islam to late twentieth-century intercommunal tensions driven by Malay poverty and cultural anxiety. These enabled long-standing ethno-religious associations to facilitate a blending of Islamist ideology with issues surrounding Malay rights. It is within this context that we then examine the social and educational backgrounds, principal publications, records of activism, and ideological positions of four prominent critics of Malaysian Islam’s politicisation, namely: Chandra Muzaffar, Zainah Anwar, Marina Mahathir, and Siti Kasim. The article concludes that all four figures differ from their counterparts in PAS and ABIM by possessing Western-orientated backgrounds, a long-standing dedication to multiculturalism, and a desire to orientate their work around human rights-based issues. The article concludes by suggesting how (or if) these detractors can impact the future direction of Malaysian politics.

Highlights

This article presents short contextualised biographies of four prominent opponents of Islam’s politicisation in contemporary Malaysia
Focusing on Malaysia’s most prominent Islamist organisations, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS, ‘PanMalaysian Islamic Party’) and Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM, ‘Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia’), who together helped create and normalise contemporary Malaysia’s tradition of politicised Islam, the article describes how both organisations rooted their political agendas in a postcolonial concern for preserving indigenous racial and religious identity
Within Malaysia’s late twentieth-century multicultural environment, where a continuation of colonialera economic disparities favouring the Chinese had precipitated sustained Malay Muslim poverty, Islam fused with a concern for preserving Malay rights