The Political Economy of Authoritarian Populism in Hungary

Abstract

With all key political institutions firmly in Orban’s hands, and with the electoral rules basically tilted to Orban’s advantage, many observers question whether Orban’s regime can be successfully challenged domestically, from within. As a result, the attention has shifted to the European Union and its role in policing the violations of EU basic values, which include democracy and the rule of law. After examining the EU’s record in protecting the rule of law and democracy in Hungary, I conclude that EU sanctions are not likely to save democracy in Hungary. In conclusion, I argue that instead of focusing too narrowly on sanctions, the Hungarian opposition should articulate a coherent (politico-economical) alternative to Orban’s authoritarian populism. Instead of focusing only on legal or economic sanctions, the EU and member states should look to alternative economic and social policies that would speak directly to the anxieties of populist voters. The good news is that this trend can be reversed— but only if European leaders, together with the Member States, articulate a coherent alternative to the failed neo-liberal economic and social policies of the last two decades. Only an economic policy that promotes growth, better jobs and wages, and social inclusion can stem the nationalist-populist tide.