Abstract
The main interest of this study is the relation between the intelligentsia and the Socialist system in Poland. This interest was prompted by the remarkable development that took place after 1956: the process of accommodation between the intelligentsia and the regime, and the virtual restoration of the intelligentsia to its traditional position of ascendancy in the Polish social structure. This development provided a sharp contrast to the conditions during the early postwar period, when the bulk of the intelligentsia found itself locked in an unmitigated conflict with the Communist regime, and when its traditional elite status appeared to be doomed under the Socialist order. What is the significance of this development? The obvious approach would be to look for an explanation of the changing components of the situation-mainly in the changes in the political system during the post-Stalinist period, and in the structural and ideological transformation of the postwar intelligentsia. This study acknowledges the significance of these factors. In addition, however, it introduces another proposition: the affinity between the ideology of the intelligentsia and the Socialist system. This is the main thesis presented here. It is developed through a historical analysis of the position of the intelligentsia within the social structure, and
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