THE POLICY OF "COUNTER-REFORMS" OF ALEXANDER III IN MODERN TEXTBOOKS OF NATIONAL HISTORY FOR HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Abstract

In order to determine the specifics of the interpretation of the policy of "counter-reform" of the government of Alexander III in modern textbooks of national history for higher educational institutions, the authors carried out a comparative analysis of the texts of these textbooks and confirmed the influence of ideological and scientific attitudes on the formation of stereotypes regarding the internal policy of the government of Alexander III. Thus, the theoretical significance of this study consists in determining the ideological, scientific, socio-cultural and other factors influencing the assessment, nature and ways of interpreting the internal policy of Alexander III in modern university textbooks. The given examples of texts of textbooks on Russian history allow us to conclude that, on the one hand, almost all the authors mentioned below consider the period of the reign of Alexander III through the prism of the concept of "counter-reform" established in Russian historiography, which in the most general approximation amounts to the gradual leveling of the consequences of the Great Reforms of the 1860s-1870s. On the other hand, the examples given indicate the lack of unity in the understanding by historians of the goals and mechanisms of the implementation of the "counter-reform" activities of the Russian government. The latter circumstance is a consequence of the incompleteness of evolutionary processes in Russian society itself in general and in the sphere of its state ideology in particular, which means that the topic of Alexander III's state policy remains relevant.