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Abstract
In this paper we show that an optical setup based on a polarizing Sagnac interferometer combined with a Dove prism can be used as a convenient general-purpose tool for the generation, detection and sorting of spin-orbit states of light. This device can work both in the classical and in the quantum single-photon regime, provides higher sorting efficiency and extinction ratio than usual hologram-fiber combinations, and shows much higher stability and ease of alignment than Mach-Zehnder interferometer setups. To demonstrate the full potential of this setup, we also report some demonstrative experiments of several possible applications of this setup.
Highlights
It is well known that photons can carry two different types of angular momenta: the spin angular momentum (SAM), associated with the light polarization, and the orbital angular momentum (OAM), associated with the azimuthal distribution of the complex electrical field [4,5,6,7]
In this paper we show that an optical setup based on a polarizing Sagnac interferometer combined with a Dove prism can be used as a convenient general-purpose tool for the generation, detection and sorting of spin-orbit states of light
Useful applications of the PSI-DP as an orbital angular momentum (OAM) sorting device and as a realization of quantum unitary gates, such as OAM C-NOT gate, full Bell’s states detection gate, and a gate to generate Schmidt’s photon states with controllable spin-orbit entanglement have been realized in this work, but we are confident that many other will be surely envisaged in the near future
Summary
It is well known that photons can carry two different types of angular momenta: the spin angular momentum (SAM), associated with the light polarization, and the orbital angular momentum (OAM), associated with the azimuthal distribution of the complex electrical field [4,5,6,7]. We will discuss and demonstrate experimentally the ability of the PSI-DP to sort photons carrying different OAM values, and will present some additional demonstrative applications of the PSI-DP in spin-orbit processing, such as the realization of a C-NOT gate, efficient photon spin-orbit Bell’s states measurement and entanglement control of the spin-orbit Schmidt’s state – a two-component non-maximally entangled state in the spin-orbit Hilbert space These experiments required photons in definite OAM eigenstates that were generated and analyzed by means of auxiliary setups based on the q-plate (QP), a newly introduced device able to convert the photon spin into OAM by the spin-to-orbital conversion (STOC) process [27, 28]. A brief overview of the QP and its action on the photon OAM is given in the experimental section below
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