Abstract

In Italian continuous marine sections, particularly those of infraneritic and bathyal facies, it is possible to establish the Plio-Pleistocene boundary precisely by means of the palaeoclimate as indicated by the appearance of “cold” species and from isotopic palaeotemperatures. As Italy is the type area for marine Pliocene and Pleistocene and their chronostratigraphical subdivisions, the boundary too should be taken as the type for world-wide correlations. There is not yet sufficient data, however, to correlate the Italian boundary with its equivalents in extra-Mediterranean marine sections. On the other hand, from various facts and deductions, it is possible to establish correlations with Italian glacial and fluvio-lacustrine deposits. From this it appears that the type Villafranchian belongs to the upper Pliocene and that there exists a preglacial Pleistocene 1–1.5 times longer than the Ice epoch. The proposed correlations of marine, glacial and fluvio-lacustrine stratigraphies are discussed.

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