Abstract
BackgroundExosomes are a promising tool in disease detection because they are noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and stable in body fluids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the main exosomal component and participate in tumor development. However, the exosomal miRNA profile among Asian melanoma patients remains unclear.MethodsExosomal miRNAs from the plasma of melanoma patients (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 20) were isolated and subjected to small RNA sequencing. Real-time PCR was performed to identify the differential miRNAs and to determine the diagnostic efficiency. Proliferation, scratch and Transwell assays were performed to detect the biological behavior of melanoma cells.ResultsExosomal miRNA profiling revealed decreased miR-1180-3p expression as a potential diagnostic marker of melanoma. The validation group of melanoma patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 28) confirmed the diagnostic efficiency of miR-1180-3p. The level of miR-1180-3p in melanoma cells was lower than that in melanocytes. Accordingly, the level of miR-1180-3p was negatively associated with the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Functional analysis and target gene prediction found that ST3GAL4 was a potential target and highly expressed in melanoma tissues and was negatively regulated by miR-1180-3p. Knockdown of ST3GAL4 hindered the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells.ConclusionsThis study indicates that reduced exosomal miR-1180-3p in melanoma patient plasma is a promising diagnostic marker and provides novel insight into melanoma development.
Highlights
Exosomes are a promising tool in disease detection because they are noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and stable in body fluids
Most previous studies were performed on Caucasian patients, and exosomal miRNA alterations in Asian melanoma patients remain unknown
We described the plasma exosomal miRNA signatures among Chinese melanoma patients to identify a potential diagnostic target and the downstream pathway for this group of patients
Summary
Exosomes are a promising tool in disease detection because they are noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and stable in body fluids. The exosomal miRNA profile among Asian melanoma patients remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are critical exosomal constituents. Exosomal miRNAs play critical roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers [9, 10], including melanoma. The five-year survival rate of melanoma varies from over 90% in the localized stage to less than 20% in the advanced stage [12]. Most previous studies were performed on Caucasian patients, and exosomal miRNA alterations in Asian melanoma patients remain unknown. Identifying differential exosomal miRNAs in the Asian group is highly desirable. We described the plasma exosomal miRNA signatures among Chinese melanoma patients to identify a potential diagnostic target and the downstream pathway for this group of patients
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