Abstract
Problem. The operation of highways has a wide and multi-component impact on all components of the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment of roads is crucial for assessing the potential environmental consequences of road construction and operation. It is advisable to conduct this assessment based on a systemic analysis using a hierarchical structure for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the "CRE" system on the environment. Goal. The goal is to present the results of a comprehensive ecological-analytical assessment of the impact of roads on environment, which can be effectively used in the EIA procedure. Methodology. The 'CRE' system was analyzed using system analysis. Prioritization and weight coefficients for each element of the hierarchy were determined using expert-analytical assessments with the use of the MAI software complex. For a rapid assessment of the impact of road operation on the state of environment and the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in vegetation and roadside soils, natural measurements and atomic absorption spectrometry methods were employed. Results. The expert-analytical research results revealed the contributions of each component within the complex hierarchical structure. Accumulation of HM in the roadside areas, including pollution of vegetation and soil, exceeding the permissible levels, was confirmed. Rank series were constructed: accumulation of HM in vegetation and soil samples, vegetation according to the property of accumulation of different HM in them. Originality. The study proposed a comprehensive assessment of the impact of road operation on the components of environment through an ecological-analytical evaluation of the developed hierarchical 'CRE' structure, resulting in the determination of weight coefficients and priorities of each element in the hierarchy's contribution to the environmental impact through expert-analytical assessment using the T. Saaty AНР method. Practical value. Using the proposed systematic approach in the EIA procedure for roads at every stage of their life cycle can improve control quality and the effectiveness of environmental protection measures, reducing environmental impact.
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