Abstract
Bone metabolism is essential for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength through a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Bone formation is associated with osteoblast activity whereas bone resorption is linked to osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast progenitors give rise to the formation of mature osteoblasts whereas monocytes are the precursors for multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Chronic inflammation, auto-inflammation, hormonal changes or adiposity have the potential to disturb the balance between bone formation and bone loss. Several plant-derived components are described to modulate bone metabolism and alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The plant-derived naphthoquinone plumbagin is a bioactive compound that can be isolated from the roots of the Plumbago genus. It has been used as traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and dermatological diseases. Reportedly, plumbagin exerts its biological activities primarily through induction of reactive oxygen species and triggers osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It is plausible that plumbagin's reciprocal actions- inhibiting or inducing death in osteoclasts but promoting survival or growth of osteoblasts- are a function of the synergy with bone-metabolizing hormones calcitonin, Parathormone and vitamin D. Herein, we develop a framework for plausible molecular modus operandi of plumbagin in bone metabolism.
Highlights
Bone provides an essential endoskeletal structure and functions for support, movement, and protection
According to Binding DB (Liu et al 2007), which compares the structural similarity between the compounds, we found that plumbagin potentially targets almost 40 proteins
Molecular docking analysis of the ligand–receptor complex structure was carried out using AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software comprising plumbagin (National Center for Biotechnology Information 2021) as a ligand against TGFB1 (Sawyer et al 2004), PTCH1 (Qi et al 2018) and ADRB2 (Hanson et al 2008) receptors
Summary
Bone provides an essential endoskeletal structure and functions for support, movement, and protection. Osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts (Mohamed 2008) These bone cells have distinct roles in the process of “bone remodeling.”. Osteocytes being abundant in bone tissue comprise 90–95% of the total bone cells with a lifespan of up to 25 years They are terminally differentiated osteoblasts embedded into the bone matrix (Franz-Odendaal et al 2006; Qin et al 2020; Sarutipaiboon et al 2020). Osteoblasts can be found on the surface of the newly formed osteoid They are post-mitotic but not terminally differentiated cells and their main function is the formation of extracellular bone matrix (osteogenesis) that subsequently mineralizes. BMP signaling pathways occur through the canonical SMAD-dependent pathway comprising BMP
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
