The phytochemical composition of medicinal plants in Indonesia and their potential as antibacterial agents against Salmonella typhi ATCC 13311

Abstract

Several Indonesian medicinal plants are commonly utilized as antibacterial agents, namely moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk.), green tea (Camellia sinensis), binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), and green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). This investigation aimed to identify the chemical compounds found in plants and their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. The simplicia was extracted by the maceration technique with a solvent of 70% ethanol. Chemical compounds are identified using various chemical reagents. The antibacterial activity test was conducted using the diffusion method. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The phytochemical analysis of plant samples revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and phenolics. The antibacterial activity of plant samples against Salmonella typhi has been shown. The average values of the inhibition zones for moringa leaf extract, green tea, binahong, and green meniran were determined to be 20.33 mm, 18.33 mm, 22.67 mm, and 27.00 mm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of green meniran leaf extract is significantly more potent against Salmonella typhi than other plant.