Abstract
The production of 25-7-7 analysis grade of suspension fertilizer processed by Luxen’s Method was investigated for some physical properties changes during various storage periods. The solid instead of liquid raw materials were used in the production. The experiment was designed in CRD consisting of six storage treatments; 0, 7, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days with 4 replicates. The total urea was provided for Urea 1 being fed in clear liquid mixed solution stage and Urea 2 being fed in suspended solution stage. The process was to add Urea 1, xanthan gum, KCl, MKP, and Urea 2, respectively, into the cylindrical glass bottle which was mounted to the adjustable speeds of mixer and presented water. The resulting 25-7-7 analysis grade of suspension fertilizers were stored undisturbed at normal room temperature for various storage periods and its physical properties were analyzed periodically. The analysis of variance was performed using R statistical program. The result showed that pH of the suspension fertilizer ranged between 5.5-5.6 and specific gravity ranged 1.249-1.274 during all storage periods and there was nosignificant difference. The fertilizer viscosity increased as the storage times increased. The stability and the pour-ability were significantly decreased as the storage times increased. However, after six months, both stability and pour-ability were found to be above acceptable level. The changes in salting-out were found to be no significant difference among various storage periods. The result showed that the suspension fertilizers which were produced by Luxen’s method could maintain their appropriate physical properties during six months of storage times.
Highlights
At present, most of the suspension fertilizer plants have used liquid raw materials: anhydrous NH3 (82% N) and aqueous NH3 (20% N) as sources of nitrogen; ortho phosphoric acid, super phosphoric acid and solid ammonium phosphate (MAP: 12-60-0) as sources of phosphorous; KCl (60% K2O) as source of potash
All production methods are in conventional suspension fertilizer plants that based on hot mix plant which is the www.ccsenet.org/mas
Luxen’s method was used in present studies for the production of 25-7-7 analysis grades of suspension fertilizers .The experiment consisted of 6 storing factor periods of 0, 7, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days using CRD experimentaldesign with 4 replicates
Summary
Most of the suspension fertilizer plants have used liquid raw materials: anhydrous NH3 (82% N) and aqueous NH3 (20% N) as sources of nitrogen; ortho phosphoric acid (wet process 55% P2O5), super phosphoric acid (wet process 75% P2O5) and solid ammonium phosphate (MAP: 12-60-0) as sources of phosphorous; KCl (60% K2O) as source of potash. Sources of suspending agents used for the suspension fertilizer production method (Achorn & Hargett, 1980) are clay, bentonite and gum. Thereby, the liquid starters for formulating suspension fertilizers, which are both NP base suspension fertilizers such as 8-24-0 (Wilbanks, 1967), 10-30-0 (Getsinger et al, 1984), 9-32-0 (Mann et al, 1983), 10-34-0, 12-40-0, 12-36-0 with ammonium lignosulfonate (Jones, 1978; Byrd & Scott, 1979; Burnell & Rylant, 1990) and UAN: 28-0-0, 30-0-0 and 32-0-0 (International Plant Nutrition Institute, 2012) are obtained. The other methods are simultaneous addition of fluorosilicic acid and suspending agents: clay for inhibiting large crystals of mono-ammoniun phosphate in the suspensions which were 12-12-12 (Mills, 1962), 14-14-14, 20-10-10 and 24-8-8 (Jones & Stinson, 1983; Dillard & Burnell, 1991), 11-39-0 (Wilbanks & Faulkner, 1980). Some methods are comprised of the reaction product of urea, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid for 20-20-0, 10-37-0, 5-45-0 (Stoller & Hartung, 1982), 29-0-0-5S (TVA, 1985) and etc.
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