Abstract

In the previous work, the author introduces the physical metric for spherically symmetric and static metric which satisfies all the experimental tests of general relativity. This metric changes the nature of gravity for compact objects, such as black holes and neutron stars. It introduces the extended horizon which is 2.60 times of the Schwarzschild radius and plays a determinant role in the size of compact objects. This provides the prediction that the gravitational red shift z on the surface of compact objects is universal value of . None of the observed neutron stars rotate fast enough to change this prediction significantly. The gravity inside the extended horizon is repulsive. The effect of this repulsive force causes supernova explosion, high energy cosmic ray generation from AGN and explains the acceleration of the universe expansion.

Highlights

  • The Schwarzschild metric is the exact solution for the Einstein Equation of general relativity

  • The universal value for gravitational red shift on the surface is calculated, which is applied to all compact objects, unless the rotation is close to the critical frequency

  • It should be emphasized that the prediction for the size and the gravitational red shift from the surface are identical to neutron stars and black holes

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Summary

Introduction

The Schwarzschild metric is the exact solution for the Einstein Equation of general relativity. The discussion of the size and gravitational red shift on the surface for neutron. The universal value for gravitational red shift on the surface is calculated, which is applied to all compact objects, unless the rotation is close to the critical frequency. This will be a crucial constraint for the forseeable future, since all the observed rotations of neutron stars are far from the critical frequency.

The Physical Metric
The Extended Horizon
The Metric with Charge and Rotation
The Size and Gravitational Red Shift of Neutron Star
Supernova Explosion and Cosmic ray Generation from AGN
Acceleration of Universe Expansion
Summary

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