Abstract
The physical properties of gene products are the foundation of their biological functions. In this study, we systematically explored relationships between physical properties and biological functions. The physical properties including origin time, evolution pressure, mRNA and protein stability, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, acidity/alkaline, amino acid compositions, and chromosome location. The biological functions are defined from 4 aspects: biological process, molecular function, cellular component and cell/tissue/organ expression. We found that the proteins associated with basic material and energy metabolism process originated earlier, while the proteins associated with immune, neurological system process etc. originated later. Tissues may have a strong influence on evolution pressure. The proteins associated with energy metabolism are double-stable. Immune and peripheral cell proteins tend to be mRNA stable/protein unstable. There are very few function items with double-unstable of mRNA and protein. The proteins involved in the cell adhesion tend to consist of large proteins with high proportion of small amino acids. The proteins of organic acid transport, neurological system process and amine transport have significantly high hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the proteins involved in olfactory receptor activity tend to have high frequency of aromatic, sulfuric and hydroxyl amino acids.
Highlights
The physical properties of proteins are the foundation of their biological function, and correspondingly the biological functions have selection constrains on the physical properties
We focused on 16 primary physical properties including origin time, evolutionary pressure, mRNA stability, protein stability, molecular weight (MW), hydrophobicity, isoelectric point, 8 amino acid (AA) categories and chromosome location
The Bonferroni correction p-values for the comparison between each biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), cellular component (CC) and cell/tissue/organ expression (CTOE) class and total were shown in S2 File, The isoelectric point characteristics of human proteins in different function categories were determined by analyzing their enrichments in each Isoelectric point class (< 7 group, >7 group, < 6 group and >9 group)
Summary
The physical properties of proteins are the foundation of their biological function, and correspondingly the biological functions have selection constrains on the physical properties. There have been some work to explore the intrinsic relationships between physical properties and biological functions of proteins, for example, between isoelectric point and subcellular localization [1,2,3], between protein stability and biological processes [4,5,6] etc. These separated studies could not provide us a comprehensive global view. With the rapid development of functional genomics and systems biology, large amount of data have been accumulated, such as sequence [7], advance structure, post-translation modification [8], chromosome location, subcellular localization, biological process, tissue expression [9], associated diseases [10, 11], mRNA and protein abundance [12, 13], interacting proteins [14,15,16] etc.
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