Abstract
Recent advances in sampling and novel techniques in drug synthesis and isolation have promoted the discovery of anticancer agents from marine organisms to combat this major threat to public health worldwide. Bryozoans, which are filter-feeding, aquatic invertebrates often characterized by a calcified skeleton, are an excellent source of pharmacologically interesting compounds including well-known chemical classes such as alkaloids and polyketides. This review covers the literature for secondary metabolites isolated from marine cheilostome and ctenostome bryozoans that have shown potential as cancer drugs. Moreover, we highlight examples such as bryostatins, the most known class of marine-derived compounds from this animal phylum, which are advancing through anticancer clinical trials due to their low toxicity and antineoplastic activity. The bryozoan antitumor compounds discovered until now show a wide range of chemical diversity and biological activities. Therefore, more research focusing on the isolation of secondary metabolites with potential anticancer properties from bryozoans and other overlooked taxa covering wider geographic areas is needed for an efficient bioprospecting of natural products.
Highlights
Most bioactive secondary metabolites have been isolated from species inhabiting terrestrial environments, oceans cover >70% of the Earth’s surface and marine natural products (MNPs) generally show higher incidence of significant cytotoxic activity [1,2]
The purpose this review is tocheilostome showcase the secondary metabolites with potential anticancer describe the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells of different class of compounds including alkaloids, properties isolated from 14 marine cheilostome and two ctenostome bryozoans
We describe sterols, ceramides, polyketides, namely the bryostatins, which are including the most alkaloids, well-known and the cytotoxic activityand against cancer cells of different class of compounds sterols, promising secondary metabolites in cancer chemotherapy produced by marine organisms
Summary
Most bioactive secondary metabolites have been isolated from species inhabiting terrestrial environments, oceans cover >70% of the Earth’s surface and marine natural products (MNPs) generally show higher incidence of significant cytotoxic activity [1,2]. Our recent studies on chemo-ecological interactions of a range of bryozoan species from different Antarctic locations have reported a variety of ecological roles of their lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts These activities include defensive strategies against microorganisms [29,30] and against abundant and ubiquitous sympatric predators [30,31,32], as well as cytotoxicity against a common sea urchin [33,34], reducing its reproductive success. More effort is required to isolate and characterize the secondary metabolites involved in these chemical interactions for their potential in pharmacological applications This phylum has received little attention until now, with most studied species possessing erect, foliose, and large colonies and belonging to the order Cheilostomatida. The purpose this review is tocheilostome showcase the secondary metabolites with potential anticancer describe the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells of different class of compounds including alkaloids, properties isolated from 14 marine cheilostome and two ctenostome bryozoans. The bioselective compounds, which show higher ranges of growth inhibitory effects in cancer in anticancer agents [40]. cells, are good candidates to become potential anticancer agents [40]
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