Abstract
Aim:The objective of this research was to determine the species and strains of Leucocytozoon caulleryi and study the phylogenetics of L. caulleryi of broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected from broiler chickens originated from endemic area in Indonesia, i.e., Pasuruan, Lamongan, Blitar, Lumajang, Boyolali, Purwokerto, and Banjarmasin in 2017. Collected blood was used for microscopic examination, sequencing using BLAST method to identify the nucleotide structure of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene that determines the species, and the phylogenetics analysis of L. caulleryi that infected broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia, using Mega 5 software.Results:The results showed that Plasmodium sp. and L. caulleryi were infected broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia. L. caulleryi in one area had very close phylogenetic relations with those in other areas. The genetic distance between L. caulleryi taxa from various endemic areas is very close (<5%).Conclusion:There is a very close phylogenetics among strains of L. caulleryi that infected broiler chickens in various endemic areas in Indonesia.
Highlights
Leukocytozoonosis is a parasitic disease in poultry which is caused by protozoans from the Leucocytozoon genus
In Southeast Asia, there are two species that cause leukocytozoonosis in chick‐ ens the most, which are Leucocytozoon caulleryi and Leucocytozoon sabrazesi. This disease occurs very frequently in chicken farms that are close to water sources. This is because water sources are the natu‐ ral habitat of Leucocytozoon sp. vectors, which are Simulium sp. and Culicoides arakawae [1]
The finding of Plasmodium sp. whose morphol‐ ogy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products resemble L. caulleryi could be explained ecologically due to the evolution of L. caulleryi in several endemic areas caused by the interfer‐ ence of humans who traded poultry [17]
Summary
Leukocytozoonosis is a parasitic disease in poultry which is caused by protozoans from the Leucocytozoon genus. In Southeast Asia, there are two species that cause leukocytozoonosis in chick‐ ens the most, which are Leucocytozoon caulleryi and Leucocytozoon sabrazesi This disease occurs very frequently in chicken farms that are close to water sources. This is because water sources are the natu‐ ral habitat of Leucocytozoon sp. From rainy season to dry season and vice versa, the frequency of leuko‐ cytozoonosis incidences tends to increase. This is due to the increase in the populations of Simulium sp. This is due to the increase in the populations of Simulium sp. and Culicoides sp. [2]
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