The philosophical sources of tolerance - A Critical review of John Locke’s and François-Marie Arouet’s ideas-

Abstract

Perhaps the English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) and the French philosopher François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778) are known for their treatise on tolerance, and their demand for a world without wars and conflicts, especially in Europe which suffered from Religious wars, This is why the demand to establishing the values of tolerance was resulted from a need, and it doesn’t a rooted behavior in European culture and societies. Through this Article, we seek to evaluate the philosophy of tolerance advocated by these two philosophers, and the ideology behind it, because the philosophy of tolerance that they presented didn't reach to a philosophy of tolerance includes all human beings. Rather, their claims were confined to the Western world and their European societies. While the tolerance that we should be defend it won't be fragmented, nor linked to interests, or related to one societies rather than another. Hence our contribution to re-evaluating and evaluating the philosophy of tolerance of these two philosophers, and making it more comprehensive and non-exclusionary. So, What are the gaps that appeared in their project of tolerance? And how we can establishing a humane and comprehensive philosophy of tolerance? To address this research problem, we have employed the historical-analytical Method, Because it fits with the nature of this topic.