Abstract
This chapter examines two philosophical origins of modern geography: Herder's philosophical anthropology and the post-Kantian Naturphilosophie. In Herder's view, geographic science appears as an elaboration of some basic anthropological figures of thought. Herder developed his philosophical anthropology at the same time as, but in opposition to, Kant's critical philosophy. Shaped to a great extent by Schelling, Naturphilosophie formulated a speculative concept of the earth, postulating a primordial, prereflexive unity of man and terrestrial nature. Herder and Schelling sought to root human reason in a productive nature, obviating the divide between man and nature, subject and object.
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