The phenomenology of particle and cluster emission

Abstract

We review emission data for proton-, even–even α- and heavy cluster (HC) radioactivity in a unified model by using a realistic analytical approach for the barrier penetration and spectroscopic factor. The realistic fragment–core nuclear interaction is approximated by a parabolic dependence which is matched to the Coulomb potential at the barrier radius. Thus, the fragment dynamics inside the barrier can be described with analytical semiclassical solutions. The centrifugal and deformation effects within the Fröman approach are investigated. We present systematics of the spectroscopic factors and give universal laws for decay widths of proton, even–even α and heavy cluster emission processes. We make remarks on the main universal phenomenological features of these decays. Finally we describe the universal law for the even–even α-emission fine structure.