Abstract
The phase diagram of the lead-free piezoelectric (1 − x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xBi1/2Na1/2TiO3 system has been studied by high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. The two lead-free piezoelectric materials K0.5Na0.5NbO3 and Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 form an infinite substitution solid solution. The orthorhombic (O), monoclinic (M), tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases and the phase coexistence of M (Pm) + T (P4mm) for 0.02 < x ≤ 0.14, T (P4bm) + pseudocubic (Pm{\overline 3}m) for 0.14 < x ≤ 0.87 and T (P4bm) + R (R3c) for 0.87 < x ≤ 0.96 have been investigated at room temperature, with a subtle change in the structure observed. The oxygen octahedral tilt system has been mapped as a function of composition and temperature. The results indicate that K0.5Na0.5NbO3–Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 does not display a morphotropic phase boundary like lead zirconate titanate, and that the most significant structural changes as a function of composition occur near x = 0.14 and x = 0.87 as a result of ionic disorder at the A and B sites in the perovskite ABO3 structure at room temperature.
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