Abstract
The background of Baluwarti settlement establishment derived from formal bond between people (kawula) and the court. This formal bond can be status of abdi dalem (giving service to the king/court) with title or kekancingan from the King. Dwelling was classified by status, role, and grade of respective dwellers. Thus, Baluwarti settlement is believed to have typical spatial layout because it was constructed with the Court’s traditional and cultural value concepts remaining to be visible today. Based on qualitative research paradigm and historical reading method, this research could see that the spatial layout of Baluwarti Settlement is circling or going around kedhaton concentrically. Single orientation faces to kedhaton . This form has a spatial function as defense and security system, serving or subjugating system, and tradition preserving system. Overall, the original form of Baluwarti Settlement’s spatial layout is still maintained until today, for about 270 years.
Highlights
In 1742 King Paku Buwana II moved Kartasura Kingdom that had been devastated due to war to Solo hamlet
Spatial layout of Baluwarti settlement established as defense system is manifested into physical elements such as: a) Baluwarti fortress, the existence of which goes around the area with thickness and height that can ensure the security and defense against the enemy, b) kori Brajanala is limited entrance and exit access that is always safeguarded by soldiers, and this gate is always closed at night, c) dwelling pattern has grid pattern shape, creating a life defense space of kawula/abdi dalem residing in this area, d) dwelling pattern shape going around the kedhaton concentrically creates defense space
Spatial layout of Baluwarti settlement is established to be a system to preserve tradition and culture as manifested into physical elements: a) the form of Javanese traditional-style residence buildings for abdi dalem, sentana dalem and dalem pangeran, applying the form of residences according to its dwellers
Summary
In 1742 King Paku Buwana II moved Kartasura Kingdom that had been devastated due to war to Solo hamlet. The elements of settlement such as settlement’s spatial layout pattern (physical aspect), and its community’s social-cultural life tradition along with any rites (non-physical aspect) are still implemented by some people in Baluwarti Settlement until today, bringing about distinctive typicality. It is this typicality that makes Baluwarti Settlement neighborhood located inside the Court different from other settlements (outside the Court) in Surakarta. Baluwarti Settlement originally constructed to be kingdom city area was designed as well as possible by King Paku Buwana III beginning the construction at that time. The objectives of research are to see and to find out the extent to which shape and function of spatial layout designed by King Paku Buwana III is still maintained by Baluwarti people until today
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