The Persecution of Czech and Other National Cultural, Educational and Charitable Organizations in the Ukrainian Provinces of the Russian Empire in 1905–1917

Abstract

From 1905 to 1917, a number of non-political civic organisations were constantly under the spotlight of the gendarmerie authorities and under pressure from the administration. In particular, national non-Russian charitable, cultural and educational organisations were closely observed and monitored. The administration obstructed their work and refused them a permission to start the activity. Ukrainian, Czech, Polish, Jewish, and other national organisations were persecuted for similar reasons. Forming organisations of unity was also forbidden to Slavic people on the territory of the Russian Empire, since their existence was contrary to the policy of assimilation, which was officially conducted in the country. A number of restrictions on the activities of national cultural, educational and charitable organisations was imposed during World War I.