Abstract
SummaryThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated interface that separates the peripheral circulation and the brain. It plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of solutes, fluid, and cells at the blood‐brain interface and maintaining the homeostasis of brain microenvironment for normal neuronal activity. Growing evidence has led to the realization that ischemic stroke elicits profound immune responses in the circulation and the activation of multiple subsets of immune cells, which in turn affect both the early disruption and the later repair of the BBB after stroke. Distinct phenotypes or subsets of peripheral immune cells along with diverse intracellular mechanisms contribute to the dynamic changes of BBB integrity after stroke. This review focuses on the interaction between the peripheral immune cells and the BBB after ischemic stroke. Understanding their reciprocal interaction may generate new directions for stroke research and may also drive the innovation of easy accessible immune modulatory treatment strategies targeting BBB in the pursuit of better stroke recovery.
Highlights
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders and a major cause of disability and death with limited transitional success of mounting stroke researches, posing an economic and societal burden.[1,2] Under normal condition, the brain is under con‐ tinuous immune surveillance and regulation
Targeting the highly dynamic events that occur during stroke in the relatively inaccessible brain microenvironment is challenging
Emerging evidence suggests that peripheral immune cells could pro‐ vide promising therapeutic targets to rescuing blood‐brain barrier (BBB) after stroke
Summary
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders and a major cause of disability and death with limited transitional success of mounting stroke researches, posing an economic and societal burden.[1,2] Under normal condition, the brain is under con‐ tinuous immune surveillance and regulation.
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