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Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a combined exercise session performed at different periods of the day on the 24h blood pressure (BP) response. Anaerobic threshold (AT) and 12 repetition maximum (12RM) tests were evaluated in nine Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (male) (22±3.7 y; 176±5.0 cm; 73.4±9.7 kg; 6.8±2.1 % body fat). Four experimental sessions were performed: resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise [Morning (MornS) and Afternoon (AfternS)] and Control (C) [Morning and Afternoon]. The morning sessions were conducted at 09:00 a.m. and the afternoon sessions were conducted at 3:00 p.m. The resistance exercise consisted of three sets at 90% of a 12RM for six resistance exercises. The aerobic exercise consisted of 15min at 90% of the AT. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before, during and 1h (Microlife(r) BP3A1C) after the performance of exercises in laboratory, and then during daily activities for the succeeding 23h by ambulatory BP monitoring (Dyna-MAPA(r)). Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) indicated significant reductions in blood pressure parameters at various time points during the 24h monitoring period. For systolic BP (SBP), significantly lower values were shown following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 1756.2±100.8 vs. C: 1818.2±84.3 mmHg*15h; p < .05) and total-24h (MornS: 2695.8±143.3 vs. C: 2784.1±143.2 mmHg*24h; p < .05). The total-24h mean BP (MAP) was also significantly lower following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 2015.7±121.2 vs. C: 2087.3±153.8 mmHg*24h; p < .05). There were significant differences in the sleeping AUC of SBP (AfternS: 883.6±27.0 vs. C: 965.2±67.9 mmHg*9h; p< .05), diastolic BP (DBP) (AfternS: 481.4±30.9 vs. MornS: 552.9±34.2 and C: 562.1±52.3 mmHg*9h; p < .01) and MBP (AfternS: 651.9±22.4 vs. MornS: 708.7±43.1 and C: 726.9±64.7 mmHg*9h; p < .01). The combined exercise performed at different periods of the day contributed distinctly to the reduction of BP. The morning session was important in reducing SBP and MBP in the total-24h monitoring, while the afternoon session reduced SBP, DBP and MBP during sleeping in jiu-Jitsu athletes.
Highlights
The risk for developing high blood pressure (BP) can be associated with factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity (Brazilian Society of Hypertension, 2010), as well as the daily occupations, such as exposure to high stress levels during work activities (Ribeiro et al, 2011).Jiu-jitsu is characterized by intense body contact between athletes and the main techniques involve the immobilization of the opponent; such as projections, immobilizations, clamping, chokes and twists (Andreato et al, 2014)
The combined exercise performed at different periods of the day contributed distinctly to the reduction of BP
To observe the systolic BP (SBP) and mean BP (MAP) were higher of the experimental sessions versus control in respective moment post-resistance exercise (RE) (p < .05), only diastolic BP (DBP) showed a significant difference between the two sessions to control when post-RE AfternS session (p > .05) (Table 2)
Summary
Jiu-jitsu is characterized by intense body contact between athletes and the main techniques involve the immobilization of the opponent; such as projections, immobilizations, clamping, chokes and twists (Andreato et al, 2014). These variations pose a high intensity and demanding exercise challenge, executed under high force isometric muscle actions. Moreira et al (2012) observed higher cortisol concentrations following a competitive fight as compared with a fight during training, highlighting the high psychological stress on the athletes during a competition. It has been shown that this cardiovascular reactivity occurs during competitions, and during the athlete’s training routine (Andreato et al, 2014)
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