Abstract
Air-independent propulsion systems have improved the performance and decreased the vulnerability of underwater weapon systems. Reforming systems, however, generates large amounts of water and CO2. The recovery or separation of CO2, a residual gas component generated in vessels, entails considerable cost and energy consumption. It is necessary to understand the characteristics of the interaction between CO2 and seawater under the conditions experienced by underwater weapon systems to design and optimize a CO2 treatment process for dissolving CO2 in seawater. In this study, numerical analysis was conducted using the derived experimental concentration and MATLAB. The diffusion coefficient was derived as a function of temperature according to the CO2 dissolution time. Experiments on CO2 dissolution in seawater were conducted. The concentration of CO2 according to the reaction pressure and experimental temperature was obtained. The diffusion coefficient between CO2 and seawater was found to be 6.3 × 10−5 cm2/s at 25 °C and 7.24 × 10−5 cm2/s at 32 °C. CO2 concentration could be estimated accurately under vessel operating conditions using the derived CO2 diffusion coefficients. Optimal design of the residual gas treatment process will be possible using the derived seawater–CO2 diffusion coefficients under the actual operating conditions experienced by underwater weapon systems.
Highlights
Existing submarines are equipped with diesel propulsion systems, in which the energy for submerged operation is stored in lead-acid batteries
4re.1p.rLoodnugc-iTbeirlmityRoeafctthioenfCabhraircaactteedrisetixcpseUrisminegnDtailstsiellteudpWaastewr ell as to elucidate the long-term diffusion coeffFiciigeunrte. 2 shows the CO2 concentration in distilled water over time according to the temperature as4it.m1t.huLeloaentqigou-nTileiirbnmrwiRuhemaiccpthirotenhsCesuhdraierffaoucftsei5roibsntaiccro.s eUTffihsiecnisgeenDetxivsptaielllrueidemsWeinnattaTelrarbelseu4ltws wereereusceodm. pTahreedCtOo2thceonrecesunlttrsatoiof na increaFsigedurwe i2thshthoewesqtuhieliCbrOiu2 mcopncresnsturaretioandinthdeisdtiellcerdeawseaitnerroeavcetrotrimteemapcecroartduirneg, btoutththeetedmispsoelruatiuorne vaetltohceityeqwuailsibdreiupmendperenstsounrethoef t5embapre.rTathuerseeaecxcpoerdriimngentotaEl qreusautilotsnw(7e)r.e compared to the results of a simulation in which the diffusion coefficient values in Table 4 were used
The data obtained from the numerical analysis conducted using the diffusion coefficient values from the literature agree with the experimental data measured in this study at the beginning of the experiments
Summary
Existing submarines are equipped with diesel propulsion systems, in which the energy for submerged operation is stored in lead-acid batteries. The capacity of these batteries limits the underwater range. Electric energy can be produced with a diesel generator engine when the submarine is on the water surface or with a fuel cell with a reformer when the submarine is in military operation under the water. CO2 vapor cannot be discharged under the water during military operation because undissolved CO2 will explode when rising up, which will be detected by others [2,3,4]. The current technology used still requires considerable cost and high energy consumption to recover or separate CO2 discharged from vessels.
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