Abstract
The properties of cement concrete using waste materials—namely, recycled cement mortar, fly ash–slag, and recycled concrete aggregate—are presented. A treatment process for waste materials is proposed. Two research experiments were conducted. In the first, concretes were made with fly ash–slag mix (FAS) and recycled cement mortar (RCM) as additions. The most favorable content of the concrete additive in the form of RCM and FAS was determined experimentally, and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete was established. For this purpose, 10 test series were carried out according to the experimental plan. In the second study, concretes containing FAS–RCM and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as a 30% replacement of natural aggregate (NA) were prepared. The compressive strength, frost resistance, water absorption, volume density, thermal conductivity, and microstructure were researched. The test results show that the addition of FAS–RCM and RCA can produce composites with better physical and mechanical properties compared with concrete made only of natural raw materials and cement. The detailed results show that FAS–RCM can be a valuable substitute for cement and RCA as a replacement for natural aggregates. Compared with traditional cement concretes, concretes made of FAS, RCM, and RCA are characterized by a higher compressive strength: 7% higher in the case of 30% replacement of NA by RCA with the additional use of the innovative FAS–RCM additive as 30% of the cement mass.
Highlights
The production of concrete in the world increases every year, which affects the high consumption of water, natural aggregates, and the production of cement
This article presents the results of research on the physical and mechanical properties, and the microstructure of concretes prepared with fly ash–slag mix (FAS)–recycled cement mortar (RCM) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)
In order to determine the impact of RCA with the addition of FAS–RCM on the strength properties of concretes, another experiment was prepared, which used RCA derived from waste generated in the production process of elements at Jadar Sp. z o. o
Summary
The production of concrete in the world increases every year, which affects the high consumption of water, natural aggregates, and the production of cement. Concrete production requires increasing amounts of raw materials, while industrial by-products can be used to meet this demand [9,10,11,12], either as supplementary cementitious materials or as alternative aggregates, as already proven by several researchers [13,14,15,16,17] It could be beneficial for the environment to replace part of the cement clinker with supplementary cementitious materials, such as blast furnace slag [18], fly ash [19], and natural pozzolan [20] to reduce CO2 emissions [21]. The novelty of the article is to show the concrete properties with obtained secondary materials, received from one technological process and according to the comprehensive patented method [52]
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