Abstract
Optical networks-on-chips (ONoCs) are the key technology for the sustainable development of multiprocessors system-on-chip (MPSoC) in the future. Micro-ring resonators (MRs) are widely used in ONoCs as key device to select and redirect optical signals. However, MRs have the inherent property of being sensitive to environmental temperature. With the fluctuation of environmental temperature, its resonance wavelength drifts, which can introduce more loss and crosstalk noise to ONoCs and make the network performance decline sharply. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the influence of thermal effect in ONoCs to solve this problem. In this paper, the theoretical models of loss and crosstalk noise changing with temperature are established from device level to network level, respectively. And a series of network performances of mesh-based ONoCs caused by thermal effect are systematically modeled and analyzed employing formal methods. Finally, we conduct case studies for mesh-based ONoCs using optimized crossbar optical router and crux optical router to evaluate the proposed method. The simulation results show that the performance of mesh-based ONoCs declines with the increase of temperature, such as the decrease of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and the increase of bit error rate (BER), which severely limits the network scalability. The formal analytical models provide a criterion for the performance analysis of thermal effect in ONoCs. In addition, the formal methods have high portability and scalability, and can provide technical support for future research work.
Highlights
O PTICAL networks-on-chips (ONoCs) are the new kind of networks-on-chip for multi-processors system, which have the advantages of high bandwidth, low latency and low loss
Only a small portion of the optical signal is coupled into the Micro-ring resonators (MRs), which results in more loss and crosstalk noise in ONoCs
In order to propose a better solution to this problem, it is very important to analyze the influence of thermal effect in ONoCs network
Summary
O PTICAL networks-on-chips (ONoCs) are the new kind of networks-on-chip for multi-processors system, which have the advantages of high bandwidth, low latency and low loss. When the resonance wavelength of MRs drifts, it causes the mismatch between the resonance wavelength and the working wavelength with valid information, introducing additional crosstalk noise and loss, resulting in the degradation of ONoCs performance. We model and analyze the network performance of mesh-based ONoCs caused by thermal effect at routing level and network level. The formal analytical models of mesh-based ONoCs loss, crosstalk noise, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and bit error rate (BER) caused by thermal effect are established. In the numerical simulation process, we use different routers and calculate different optical links of mesh-based ONoCs, and find out the worst SNR link to evaluate the performance of ONoCs caused by thermal effect. The simulation results show that no matter which router is employed, the performance of mesh-based ONoCs will be affected by the temperature fluctuation, such as OSNR, BER, and network size, etc
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