Abstract
This chapter discusses the ‘perfect gas’, which is an idealized version of a gas. Its equation of state may be assembled from the experimental observations summarized by Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Avogadro's principle. Boyle's law implies that if a fixed amount of gas is compressed (that is, its volume is reduced) at constant temperature into half its original volume, then its pressure will double. Meanwhile, Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature. Finally, according to Avogadro's principle, at a given temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas contain the same numbers of molecules. The chapter then looks at two elementary applications of the perfect gas equation of state, before considering Dalton's law.
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