Abstract
Purpose: To conduct rapid qualitative analysis early in the intervention design process to establish the perceived value of reducing sedentary behavior in the truck driver population.Methods: A rapid assessment process for qualitative data collection was used to examine managerial and employee perceptions quickly and iteratively to inform intervention design. Managerial insights were collected during semi-structured interviews and employee insights were collected via an online survey and focus group. Thematic analyses were guided by the constructs of the Health Belief Model to establish; (a) perceived susceptibility to the health problem; (b) perceived severity of the health problem; (c) perceived benefits of the potential solutions; (d) perceived barriers to adopting the recommended solution; (e) cues to action; and (f) self-efficacy.Results: Three managers (2 females; 1 male) participated in semi-structured interviews. Seven truck drivers (1 female; 6 males) took part in a focus group. Sixteen survey responses (all male, mean age 49.8 ± 12.4 years, 86% white Caucasian) were collected in total (11 paper based; 6 online). The most important managerial motivators for engagement in an intervention included; improved sleep, alertness and quality of life. The most important employee motivators included; stress reduction (3.3 ± 1.3), improved quality of life (3.3 ± 1.3) and alertness (3.2 ± 1.4). Managerial and employee perspectives indicated that sedentary behavior may be of lower priority than diet and exercise, and may not resonate with the truck driving population as a health risk.Conclusion: Application of the Health Belief Model indicated a disconnect between the researcher, managerial and employee perspective and the perceived value of a sedentary behavior reduction intervention. Within the truck driving population, researchers should endeavor to include safety as well as health outcomes, use multi-level strategies, design for outcomes of high perceived value and leverage health communication strategies to communicate benefits that resonate with the end-user.
Highlights
Truck drivers are classified as one of the highest-risk occupational segments due to a complex interplay of health behavior barriers across the socioecological spectrum [1]
Specific survey results pertaining to motivators for engagement, the likelihood of engaging in preventative behaviors and receptivity to suggested health solutions are presented in Figures 1–3, respectively
Truck drivers are exposed to prolonged sitting and rest areas are not perceived as “healthy” environments, and the associations between, obesity and insulin resistance could be fatal
Summary
Truck drivers are classified as one of the highest-risk occupational segments due to a complex interplay of health behavior barriers across the socioecological spectrum [1]. Contributory factors include occupational influences on diet, exercise, sleep and more recently sedentary behaviors [1]. Despite a recent shift toward environmental changes (sit-stand/active workstations) in officebased work environment [13,14,15], further challenges exist in nonoffice environments where prolonged sitting is prevalent (e.g., occupational driver settings). Cultural and social solutions for sedentary office workers do not translate to this challenging setting and evidence on how to intervene is extremely limited [16]
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