Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-mediated low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on mature and stable Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms under different ultrasound parameters.MethodsThe biofilm was formed after 48-h culture with stable concentration of bacterial solution. Different types of ultrasound and time were applied to the biofilm, and the ultrasonic type and time of our experiments were determined when the biofilm was not damaged. The penetration effects of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound were decided by the amount of HMME that penetrated into the biofilm which was determined by fluorescence spectrometry.ResultsThe destruction of biofilms by pulse waveform was the strongest. Sinusoidal low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound can enhance the biofilm permeability. For a period of time after the ultrasound was applied, the biofilm permeability increased, however, changes faded away over time.ConclusionsLow-frequency and low-intensity sinusoidal ultrasound significantly increased the permeability of the biofilms, which was positively correlated with the time and the intensity of ultrasound. Simultaneous action of ultrasound and HMME was the most effective way to increase the permeability of the biofilms.
Highlights
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)mediated low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on mature and stable Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms under different ultrasound parameters
This study focused on the biological effects and osmotic effect of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on bacterial biofilm model
The results indicated that the permeability of HMME to biofilm is significantly enhanced by lowfrequency and low-intensity ultrasound
Summary
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)mediated low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on mature and stable Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms under different ultrasound parameters. Because of the characteristics of bacterial biofilms, the treatment for them will face many difficulties. The main methods used to remove bacterial biofilms include mechanical methods and antibacterial drug therapy, but they are not satisfactory [6]. Mechanical removal relies on the patient’s high compliance and surgeon’s skills. When these two factors are satisfied better results can be achieved [7]. Long-term drug treatment can cause drug resistance and dysbacteriosis [8], because of the protective effect of biofilm, the effect of antibiotics is poor. We hope to avoid these problems clinically, how to find ways to destroy the protective effect of biofilm has become a research hotspot
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