Abstract
Note of place-names Part I. Background: 1. The issues 2. The sources and the villages 3. The ecological setting Part II. Economic Involution and Social Change: 4. Managerial farming and family farming in the 1930's 5. The small-peasant and estate economies of the early Qing 6. Commercialization and social stratification in the Qing 7. Accelerated commercialization in the twentieth century 8. Managerial farming and family farming: draft-animal use 9. Managerial farming and family farming: labor use 10. The underdevelopment of managerial farming 11. The persistence of small-peasant family farming 12. The commercialization of production relations Part III. The Village and the State: 13. Villages under the Qing state 14. Changes in the village community 15. Village and state in the twentieth century 16. Conclusion Appendixes Character list Index.
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