Abstract
BackgroundMarine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3).Methods In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip.ResultsNo gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group.ConclusionThe suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01034423Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0530-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects
In the same intervention trials as presented here, we have previously shown that the intake of highquality Fish oil (FO) modulated the transcriptional profile in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and changes in the gene transcripts related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were observed [36]
To identify differences across the two intervention groups related to biological processes, pathways, and networks, we analyzed functional relationships among the 402 differentially expressed gene transcripts obtained with Linear Models for Microarray (Limma) (p < 0.05)
Summary
Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), including n-3 fatty acids in marine oils, are susceptible to oxidation, and lipid oxidation products are generated [6,7,8]. Reactive lipid compounds may act as signaling molecules that alter gene functions and thereby influence health via cellular sensing mechanisms [16]. The intake of oxidized vegetable oils has been shown to increase the postprandial level of plasma lipid oxidation products and markers related to coronary vascular disease in humans [22,23,24,25,26]. Other approaches including more sensitive techniques to accurately measure the influence of lipid oxidation products at a molecular level are required
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